Pure laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation: Dreams come true

Minimally invasive approaches are increasingly being applied in surgeries and have recently been used in living donor hepatectomy. We have developed a safe and reproducible method for minimally invasive living donor liver transplantation, which consists of pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and pure laparoscopic implantation of the graft, which was inserted through a suprapubic incision. Pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy without liver fragmentation was performed in a 60-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The explanted liver was retrieved through a suprapubic incision. A modified right liver graft, procured from his 24-year-old son using the pure laparoscopic method, was inserted through a suprapubic incision, and implantation was performed intracorporeally throughout the procedure. The time required to remove the liver was 369 min, and the total operative time was 960 min. No complications occurred during or after the surgery. The patient recovered well, and his hospital stay was of 11 days. Pure laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation from explant hepatectomy to implantation was performed successfully. It is a feasible procedure when performed by a highly experienced surgeon and transplantation team. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its safety and feasibility.

     

我国日间手术开展现状与前景展望

日间手术在国外已有上百年的发展历史，现已成为欧美国家重要手术模式。我国于20世纪初开始开展日间手术，但目前尚未普及，发展不平衡问题比较突出，存在认识不清、开展不规范、与医保支付对接不畅等问题。日间手术是一种使国家、医院和病人三方均受益的新型手术模式。近年来，国家相关管理部门积极引导，开展日间手术的医院明显增多，可以预见，我国日间手术即将进入快速发展的新阶段。因此，有条件的医院可以从简单、易操作的病种开始，落实临床路径，积累经验，再逐步稳妥展开。在保证质量的前提下，不断拓展日间手术范围，提高三、四级手术比例。同时，积极与医保支付政策对接，采取灵活的方式，获得医保的支持，更好地促进我国日间手术的快速发展。     

Education and training methods for healthcare professionals to lead conversations concerning deceased organ donation: An integrative review

ObjectivesTo determine which training methods positively influenced healthcare professionals’ communication skills and families’ deceased organ donation decision-making.MethodsAn integrative review using systematic methods and narrative synthesis for data analysis. Electronic databases of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO), Embase (OVID) and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, were searched between August 1997 and March 2020, retrieving 1019 papers. Included papers (n = 14) were appraised using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.ResultsTraining programmes offered theory, experiential learning, feedback and debriefing including self-reflection, the opportunity to role-play and interact with simulated participants within realistic case scenarios. Programmes reported observed and self-rated improvements in communication learning and confidence. The methodological quality score averaged 13, (72% of maximum); few studies used an experimental design, examined behavioural change or families’ perspectives. Weak evidence suggested training could increase organ donation authorisation/consent rates.ConclusionsMultiple training strategies are effective in improving interprofessional healthcare professionals’ confidence and learning of specialised communication. Methodological limitations restricted the ability to present definitive recommendations and further research is warranted, inclusive of family decision-making experiences.Practice implicationsLearning of specialised communication skills is enhanced by using multiple training strategies, including role-play and debriefing.     

Split liver transplantation is utilized infrequently and concentrated at few transplant centers in the United States

Split liver transplantation (SLT) is 1 strategy for maximizing the number of deceased donor liver transplants. Recent reports suggest that utilization of SLT in the United States remains low. We examined deceased donor offers that were ultimately split between 2010 and 2014. SLTs were categorized as “primary” and “secondary” transplants. We analyzed allocation patterns and used logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with secondary split discard. Four hundred eighteen livers were split: 54% from adult, 46% from pediatric donors. Of the 227 adult donor livers split, 61% met United Network for Organ Sharing “optimal” split criteria. A total of 770 recipients (418 primary and 352 secondary) were transplanted, indicating 16% discard. Ninety‐two percent of the 418 primary recipients were children, and 47% were accepted on the first offer. Eighty‐seven percent of the 352 secondary recipients were adults, and 7% were accepted on the first offer. Of the 352 pairs, 99% were transplanted in the same region, 36% at the same center. In logistic regression, shorter donor height was associated with secondary discard (odds ratio 0.97 per cm, 95% CI 0.94‐1.00, P = .02). SLT volume by center was not predictive of secondary discard. Current policy proposals that incentivize SLT in the United States could increase the number of transplants to children and adults.     

DRG支付方式改革下医院财务管理应对策略

通过探讨DRG支付方式改革下医院财务管理的应对策略,可以有效地降低医疗支付方式改革对医院财务管理的负面影响,促使医院财务管理在"危"与"机"的转换中抢抓机遇,促进医院财务管理提质增效。     

国家谈判药品门诊医保待遇现状、问题及完善措施

2017?2019年国家医保目录准入谈判有效缓解了高值创新药品的“看病贵”难题。但“重住院、轻门诊”医保现状使得谈判药品门诊实际报销水平较低，进而影响患者的健康福利。本文以97个谈判药品、337个统筹市为统计样本，实证分析门诊用药的医保报销情况，结果显示有40个品种在大部分统筹市（统筹市占比超过70%）的实际报销水平低于50%。进一步探究门诊待遇低的原因发现未纳入门诊特殊政策、或门诊特殊政策不完善是其主要原因。最后，本文基于国内各统筹市门诊补偿政策经验提出提高门诊保障待遇的建议与方案，认为各统筹市可通过实现门诊统筹、完善门诊特殊政策、探索创新支付等手段提高谈判药品门诊保障待遇，确保医保目录准入谈判结果落地工作的顺利实施。     

Unintended effects of reimbursement schedules in mental health care

We evaluate the introduction of a reimbursement schedule for self-employed mental health care providers in the Netherlands in 2008. The reimbursement schedule follows a discontinuous discrete step function—once the provider has passed a treatment duration threshold the fee is flat until a next threshold is reached. We use administrative mental health care data of the total Dutch population from 2008 to 2010. We find an “efficiency” effect: on the flat part of the fee schedule providers reduce treatment duration by 2 to 7% compared to a control group. However, we also find unintended effects: providers treat patients longer to reach a next threshold and obtain a higher fee. The data shows gaps and bunches in the distribution function of treatment durations, just before and after a threshold. About 11 to 13% of treatments are shifted over a next threshold, resulting in a cost increase of approximately 7 to 9%.